Resumo Introdução A associação entre tabagismo e doença periodontal tem sido descrito em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis de LL-37 e beta defensina-2 (hBD-2) no fluido crevicular de pacientes com periodontite generalizada fumantes (F) e não fumantes (NF). Material e método Um total de 35 pacientes com periodontite generalizada estágios III e IV, 15 NF (11 mulheres, 4 homens) e 20 F (7 mulheres e 13 homens), foram incluídos no estudo. Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados foram sangramento à sondagem (SS), profundidade de sondagem (PS) e nível de inserção clínica (NIC). Ensaios imuno enzimáticos foram realizados para quantificar os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 no fluido crevicular das gengivas dos pacientes. Resultado Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 5%. Em relação aos parâmetros clínicos periodontais, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa para SS e PS comparando os grupos F e NF. Houve maior NIC nos pacientes do grupo F, quando comparados ao grupo NF (p = 0,0095). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 quando comparados os grupos F e NF (p> 0,05). Conclusão Concluiu-se que os fumantes apresentam maior perda de inserção clínica do que os não fumantes, mas o tabagismo não influenciou nos níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 do fluido gengival em indivíduos com periodontite.

Abstract Introduction The association between smoking and periodontal diseases has been described in clinical and epidemiological studies. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels in crevicular fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis in smokers (S) and nonsmokers (NS). Material and method A total of 35 patients with generalized periodontitis stages III and IV, 15 NS (11 female, 4 male) and 20 S (7 female and 13 male), were included in the study. The evaluated clinical parameters were bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of these patients. The results were analyzed statistically with the level of significance set at 5%. Result In relation to periodontal clinical parameters, no statistically significant difference was observed for BOP and PD between groups S and NS. There was a higher CAL in the S group than in the NS group (p = 0.0095). There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 when comparing groups S and NS (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that smokers have a higher clinical attachment loss than nonsmokers, but that smoking did not influence the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of systemic antibiotics in the periodontal treatment of smokers. The selection criteria were as follows: controlled randomized clinical trials; studies published in English; studies with smoker patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis; patients without systemic diseases; studies that used systemic antibiotic therapy associated with periodontal treatment; studies that presented results for the test and control groups and assessments of clinical periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The differences in average weights were calculated with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% for PD reduction, CAL gain and BOP. The means of the periodontal clinical parameters were compared between the baseline and post-treatment periods between the test groups and the control groups. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test (Q (df = 3), α = 5%). A total of 67 articles were found, and after the selection process, three randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicate that SRP associated with systemic antibiotics promoted additional benefits when compared to SRP alone, with a greater reduction of PD (p = 0.0359, CI = -0.42, -0.01) and a gain of CAL (p = 0.0161, CI = -0.39, -0.04). There was a modest PD reduction (PD, DM -0.21) and a modest CAL gain (CAL, DM -0.22). The results of our meta-analysis reveal the clinical benefits of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers. These clinical improvements, although statistically significant, appeared to be of little clinical relevance.